The……as a result of the treaties of Tianjin in 1858, a permanent British embassy was established in the city, and a legation quarter, situated to the southeast of the palace ground, was reserved for British and other embassies.



Import and export trade will be permitted to French merchants or French protégés and to Chinese merchants on the land frontier between China and Tonkin. The treaty with the British was signed less than a month later on June 25.

It must be carried out, however, at certain points which will be determined later and the choice as well as the number will be in agreement with the direction of flow as well as the importance of the traffic of the two countries. To that effect, the two High Contracting Parties have designated their plenipotentiaries, to wit: the President of the French Republic: M. JULES PATENÔTRE, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of France in China, Officer of the Légion d'Honneur, Grand-Cross of the Polar Star of Sweden, etc; and His Majesty the Emperor of China: LI HUNG-CHANG, Imperial Commissioner, First Grand Secretary of State, Tutor of the Heir Presumptive, Superintendent of Trade of the Northern Ports, Governor-General of the Province of Chihli, holder of the First Degree of the Third Rank of Nobility, with the title France engages herself to reestablish and maintain order in the provinces of Annam which border upon the Chinese Empire.

The preliminary peace protocol provided for an immediate ceasefire in both Tonkin and Formosa.



Following the pattern set by the great powers of Europe, the United Statestook on a protectionist stance, built up its navy, and tried to create a mercantile empire. The Qing, Russian, and Second French Empires, the Grea In December 1884, alarmed by Japanese ambitions in Korea, Preliminaries of peace between France and China were signed on 4 April 1885. They ended the first phase of the Second Opium War, which had begun in 1856. … In the case where they can not agree among themselves on the placement of the markers or on the rectifications of detail in the actual frontier of Tonkin which it may be necessary to make in the common interest of both parties, they will refer it to their respective governments. In further negotiations…The resulting treaties of Tianjin (Tientsin; 1858) supplemented the old treaties by providing for the residence of foreign diplomats in Beijing (Peking), the right of foreigners to travel in the interior of China, the opening of the country’s major waterway, the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang), to foreign…During June four Tianjin treaties were concluded that provided for, among other measures, the residence of foreign diplomats in Beijing and the freedom of Christian missionaries to evangelize their faith.…treaties signed in 1858 at Tianjin by the Chinese, British, and French included provisions for them to be revised in the year 1868, at which time the Qing were able to negotiate with due preparations and in an atmosphere of peace for the first time since the Opium Wars.



The Treaty of Tientsin, signed on June 9th, 1885, officially ended the Sino-French War.

Although it was established by the Manchu people, a Tungusic people ethnically unrelated to the native Han, it was widely known in English as Four treaties signed by Qing dynasty of China in 1858, during the Second Opium War (1856–1860), respectively with United Kingdom, Second French Empire, Russian Empire and United States. After an interval of six months from the signature of the present treaty, commissioners designated by the High Contracting Parties will go to delineate the frontier between China and Tonkin. The treaties of Tianjin, signed in June 1858, provided residence in Beijing for foreign envoys, the opening of several new ports to Western trade and residence, the right of foreign travel in the interior of China, and freedom of movement for Christian missionaries.

Chinese subjects who wish to travel from China to Tonkin, by the land route, must be provided with regular passports by the French authorities on request by the Imperial Authorities.
French merchants may establish themselves there under the same conditions and with the same advantages as in the treaty ports.

The treaties of Tianjin (Tientsin), during the second Opium War (1856–60) against China, were signed by the British, French, and Chinese in 1858.
Also spelled Treaty of Tianjin or Treaty of Tian-jin.


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