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This was one of the bloodiest battles of the war, with over 14,000 casualties.

They did, however, wear down the resources of the French, in both men (now numbering more than 200,000) and matériel; and, when Napoleon in 1811–12 directed his whole attention toward Russia, not only were the depleted peninsular armies not reinforced but as many as 30,000 men were withdrawn for the Grand Army marching east.Thus, from his base in Portugal, which he had successfully defended, Wellington in 1812 began his gradual advance into Spain. Robert Burnham ¢erdot; Discussion.


A brief history of the Peninsular War with more information on the battles of Albuera, Bailén, Roliça, Vimeiro, La Coruña, Porto, Talavera, Almeida, Buçaco, Barrosa, Fuentes de Oñoro, Ciudad Rodrigo, Salamanca, Vitoria, Maya and San Sebastián. Threatening their officers and ignoring their commands to desist, the soldiers massacred hundreds of civilians. Their ability to deliver a well-timed volley and follow it up with a bayonet charge gained them victory after victory over the French.Towards the end of the war, in 1813, Wellington commented that his army was ‘the most complete machine for its numbers now existing in Europe’.

They also show how practices like tea drinking spread through different cultures.







About 5,000 French soldiers were killed or wounded and 3,000 taken prisoner. The continual drain on French resources led Napoleon to call the conflict the ‘Spanish Ulcer’.Major Sir John Scott Lillie, 7th Cacadores, Portuguese Army, c1820Attempting to co-operate with the Spanish, Moore advanced into Spain with 35,000 men.





By 1812, the French had over 350,000 soldiers in Iberia, but 200,000 were protecting lines of supply rather than serving as front-line troops.All of these factors meant that although on paper the French heavily outnumbered the British armies in Iberia, they were never able to concentrate enough of their troops to win a decisive victory. Wellesley was created Viscount Wellington following his victory.Although the French withdrew from the field, Wellesley was forced to return with his force to Portugal after another French army under Marshal Soult threatened his lines of communication. However, he was immediately superseded in command by Generals Sir Harry Burrard and Sir Hew Dalrymple, and was unable to press home his advantage.These new leaders concluded the Convention of Cintra, which achieved the overall British aim of clearing the French out of Portugal.





Even in Marlborough's day that great general's achievements were only in part due to the British army. PENINSULAR WAR MAPS.

Resistance centred in provincial committees (juntas) that organized armies.

French communications and supply lines were harassed by their raids and ambushes.
From the early 1790s onward, the Spanish court had been gripped by bitter factionalism that saw the king and queen, Charles IV and María Luisa, and their favorite, Manuel de Godoy, ranged against the heir to the throne, Ferdinand, and a clique of discontented aristocrats. Joseph Bonaparte himself narrowly escaped capture. As Napoleon could no longer think of invading England, he tried to induce capitulation by stifling the British economy.







Thought the presentation & interpretation made the subject accessible..."Be the first to hear about our latest events, exhibitions and offers.




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