Rapidly rising water can reach heights of 30 feet or more. Landslides can move slowly, (millimeters per year) or can move quickly and disastrously, as is the case with debris flows. Be aware that intense, short bursts of rain may be particularly dangerous, especially after longer periods of heavy rainfall and damp weather. Losses were reported to be $1 billion (1987 dollars). (area) , Over 10,000 landslides and large rockslides occurred. This is why many landslides occur after rainstorms [source: Washington Geological Survey]. There was 298km of highway destroyed. Submarine landslides generated a tsunami at Seward, as a 1.2 km-long waterfront section slid into water. Your neighbors may not be aware of potential hazards. (volume) , The debris avalanche formed a 21 m-high dam and impounded a 50-million m3 lake; the dam then failed causing a 100-m-deep debris flow and flood downstream. 1994 , Colombia (Cauca) , Paez landslides , Paez earthquake, Magnitude 6.0 , 250 km2

(area) , There were 272 deaths, 1,700 missing, 158 injured, and 12,000 displaced.

Turn Around, Don't Drown! Help neighbors who may need assistance to evacuate.

While landslides are a naturally occurring environmental hazard they have recently increased in frequency in certain areas due to human activity. There were 161 debris flows individual slope failures deaths in the areas of Sarno, Quindicci, Bracigliano, and Siano. The losses were $200 million, in 1963 dollars. What to Do if You Suspect Imminent Landslide Danger: 1) Contact your local fire, police, or public works department. 1980 , United State (Washington) , Mount St. Helens rockslide/debris avalanche , Eruption of Mount St. Helens volcano , 3.7 billion m3 (volume) , This is the world's largest historical landslide. Staying out of the path of a landslide or debris flow saves lives. Save yourself, not your belongings. There are concerns that global warming could increase the risks of landslides.

Burned areas charred by wildfires are particularly susceptible to debris flows, given certain soil characteristics and slope conditions. 1976 , Guatemala , Guatemala earthquake landslides , Guatemala Earthquake, Magnitude 7.5, 10,000 landslides over an area of 16,000 km2 , There were at least 200 deaths, and highways and railroads were disrupted. Usoy Village was destroyed, causing 54 deaths. 1983 , China (Gansu) , Saleshan landslide , Rainfall , 35 million government (volume) , The landslide caused 237 deaths and buried 4 villages, and also filled two reservoirs.

Where do Landslides Occur?

Debris flows can travel down a hillside at speeds up to 200 miles per hour (more commonly, 30 - 50 miles per hour), depending on the slope angle, water content, volume of debris, and type of earth and debris in the flow. (volume) , "Hundreds" of deaths were reported, and a large number of homes were damaged. There were 57 deaths and 250 homes, 47 bridges, and 24km of rail were destroyed. (volume) , There were 109 deaths and a landslide dammed the Yigong River. Flooding is an overflowing of water onto land that is normally dry. Rocks and clay soils do not allow much water to infiltrate the ground. Heavy spring rains falling on melting snowpack can produce disastrous flash flooding. Flash flood damage and most fatalities tend to occur in areas immediately adjacent to a stream or arroyo. The volume of material was 2.8 cubic kilometers (km). , 18, 53 6) Be aware that strong shaking from earthquakes can induce or intensify the effects of landslides. (volume) , There were 1,000 deaths and many kilometers of the Trans-Ecuadorian oil pipeline and highway were destroyed.

Prince William Sound earthquake) , Alaska earthquake, Magnitude 9.0 , 211 million government (volume) submarine landslide at Seward; Turnagain Heights landslide, 9.6 million m3 (volume); Government Hill landslide, 700,000 government (volume) , Estimated losses were $280 million (1964 dollars).

There were 107 deaths, 57 injured and a reported 400 missing, and most of these were probably buried under large rocks that could not be excavated. Tsunamis can be generated on impact as a rapidly moving landslide mass enters the water or as water displaces behind and ahead of a rapidly moving underwater landslide.

Some experts believe sewage and decomposing garbage on top of the rock scarp caused clay layers to expand, adding to destabilization already present due to construction activities. Hydrologists with expertise in debris and mud flows are studying these hazards in volcanic regions. Flash flooding occurs within six hours of a significant rain event and is usually caused by intense storms that produce heavy rainfall in a short amount of time. The landslide is located on the Kabir Kuh anticline in Southwest Iran at 33 degrees north latitude, 47.65 degrees east longitude. Saturated soil also can lead rapidly to flash flooding The term "landslide" encompasses five modes of slope movement: falls, topples, slides, spreads, and flows.

1987 , Venezuela , Rio Limon, debris flow , Rainfall , 2 million m3

1921 , Kazakh Republic , Alma-Ata debris flow , Snow melt, subsequent rainfall , A debris flow in the Valley of Alma-Atinka River destroyed the town of Alma-Ata. 1953 , Japan (Wakayama) , Arida River landslides, mud flows, and debris flows , Rainfall, Heavy rain fell, due to a major typhoon.

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