Reduction by U(IV) is strongly inhibited by carbonate; data for carbonate buffers are in accord with the operation of two contributing reaction paths (specific rates 0.45 and 6.3 M−1 s−1) with the activated complex for the slower featuring one more carbonate than that for the rapid. Unlike ammonia or amines, it is not nucleophilic and cannot form hemiaminals (carbinolamines) with carboxaldehydes and ketones. A minor hydrolysis path for BrOClO.HOCl gives BrO(3)(-) and Cl(-). Subsequent competitive reactions of ClOClO with ClO2- (k3) to give 2ClO2 and with OH- (k4OH) and other bases (k5B) to give ClO3- are very rapid. Beijing Aquarium is a typical RMS with artificially prepared seawater and mainly adopts a decentralized treatment strategy for different animal tanks, including sand filtration, foam fractionation, and disinfection (O3, UV, and O3/ClO2).

Infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the species formed; experiments with enriched (18)O(2) and ab initio calculations were carried out to assist in the assignment of the spectra. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V.Reaction of bromine and chlorine with phenolic compounds and natural organic matter extracts – Electrophilic aromatic substitution and oxidationCopyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. The k2 value of HOCl was approximately 0 and relatively insignificant. In this study, species-specific and/or apparent second order rate constants and mechanisms for the reactions of bromine and chlorine have been determined for various phenolic compounds (phenol, resorcinol, catechol, hydroquinone, phloroglucinol, bisphenol A, Phenolic compounds react with bromine or chlorine either by oxidation (electron transfer, ET) or electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) processes. On the basis of simultaneous evaluations of the kinetic traces, the following forward rate constants are obtained for the kinetically significant reaction steps: Br2 + ClO2- ClO2 + Br2-, k1 = (1.3 ± 0.2) × 103 M-1 s-1 (k-1 = 1.1 × 109 M-1 s-1); Br2- + ClO2- = ClO2 + 2Br-, k2 = (4.0 ± 0.1) × 106 M-1 s-1; Br + ClO2- = ClO2 + Br-, k8 = (2.3 ± 0.7) × 108 M-1 s-1; HOBr + HClO2 = BrClO2 + H2O (BrClO2 + ClO2- = Br- + 2ClO2, very fast), k9 = (1.9 ± 0.1) × 105 M-1 s-1. Extremely high concentrations of NO3– were detected in mammal tanks, which greatly exceeded the MCL regulated by the Sea Water Quality Standard of China for mariculture industry (Class II) by about 1100 times. Spectacular exothermic redox reactions occur, accompanied by flames and coloured ‘smoke’, forming the solid aluminium halides: 2Al + 3X2 → 2AlX3(X = Cl, Br and I).

Bromine reacts fast with hydroxy aromatic compounds (Bromine/chlorine react by electrophilic aromatic substitution or electron transfer.Electron transfer (ET) reactions of bromine/chlorine may lead to quinones.The formation of quinones was experimentally demonstrated.The reaction of bromine with NOM isolates occurs mainly by electron transfer.Phenolic compounds are known structural moieties of natural organic matter (NOM), and their reactivity is a key parameter for understanding the reactivity of NOM and the disinfection by-product formation during oxidative water treatment.

Values for K1 (=[BrCl2-]/([BrCl(aq)][Cl-])) at mu = 1.0 M are 3.8 M(-1) at 25.0 degrees C, 4.7 M(-1) at 10.0 degrees C, and 5.5 M(-1) at 0.0 degrees C, with deltaH1 degrees = -9.9 kJ mol(-1) and deltaS1 degrees = -22 J K(-1) mol(-1).

It is confirmed that the oxidation occurs via competing parallel reaction steps.

By continuing you agree to the Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. May react vigorously with combustible materials and generate enough heat to start and support combustion. Under the conditions of this work, the relative yield of BrO3− increases with The slopes of linear regressions of Br2 and BrCl vs. O3 indicate ≈1 ppb decrease in O3 mixing ratio for every ppt of either of the molecular halogens.

It can be, however, with added ortho-tolidine to remove the HBrO and HClO.

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