Please reconnect Therefore, a mechanism of mutagenicity induced by chloride and sulfate ions is not feasible. Thionyl chloride is an inorganic acid chloride mainly used as a reagent to prepare carboxylic acid chlorides from carboxylic acids. New synthetic reaction with thionyl chloride oxidation of active methyl-compounds to thioacyl chlorides. Get article recommendations from ACS based on references in your Mendeley library.Get article recommendations from ACS based on references in your Mendeley library.You’ve supercharged your research process with ACS and Mendeley!Please note: If you switch to a different device, you may be asked to login again with only your ACS ID. Esterification with thionyl chloride and methanol mechanism 1 See answer alfiaishru9952 is waiting for your help. Although cell culture is performed in buffered media, pH-effects due to the formation of 4 hydronium ions upon dissociation of the test substance in aqueous media, exhausting buffer capacity and leading to acidification, could be expected, however, such effects would be secondary and not toxicologically relevant for assessment of cytogenicity, anyway. This is a white solid, though many samples are light yellow from HCl contamination. Some examples for this reaction were reported by Edward S. Lewis and Charles E. Boozer in 1952. • To functionalize silica gel for thioacetalization of aldehydes. Other configurations with different S9 concentrations were positive, as well. Due to the highly corrosive characteristics of the test substance, testing in vivo cannot be recommended due to animal welfare reasons.

The mechanism is extremely similar to thionyl chloride. In the study of Herbold (1988, Klimisch 2) the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537 were tested with the hydrolysis products of thionyl chloride (sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride) up to a concentration equivalent to 10,000 µg/plate of thionyl chloride with and without metabolic activation (30 % rat liver S9), which is acceptable as the test substance undergoes immediate disintegration upon contact with the aqueous culture medium.

The content is subject to change without prior notice. Besides, in the aqueous milieu of the body the test substance would immediately disintegrate into sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride, as well, and the same processes as described above will take place.

Please note: If you switch to a different device, you may be asked to login again with only your ACS ID. In the corresponding retest with TA98 and TA100 with metabolic activation (hamster liver S9 at 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 %), included in the same report, the test substance induced a maximum increase of revertant numbers in TA100 with 10 % S9 at 1,000 µg/plate (10.3-fold) and in TA98 at 333 µg/plate (2.6-fold) in a dose-related fashion. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Rate-Determining Effects in the Formation ofN-(1-Haloalkyl)heteroarylium Halides. Therefore, a mechanism of mutagenicity induced by chloride and sulfate ions is not feasible.

Thionyl chloride-pyridine chemistry. In the aqueous cell culture medium the sulfur dioxide will form an equilibrium with the sulfite ion, which is further oxidised to sulfate by sulfite oxidase in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. For the hydroysis products of SOCl2 (HCl and SO2) no mutagenic potential is obvious. Kitaro Oka, Shoji Hara.

A classification of the test substance as mutagenic based on the results of this study cannot be justified. Synthesis and reactions of N-.alpha.-styrylpyridinium saltsErnst Anders, Kurt Wermann, Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde. This site is not fully supported in Internet Explorer 7 (and earlier versions). The available Ames test was negative and no DNA strandbreaks were found in hamster lung cells and primary rat hepatocytes.SO2 was also negative in a micronucleus assay in NMRI mice according OECD 474 In conclusion, from the available data of HCl and SO2 a genotoxic potential of SOCl2 is not expected. Tetrahedron Letters 1976, 17 (32) , 2783-2786. Thionyl chloride is primarily used as a chlorinating reagent, with approximately 45,000 tonnes (50,000 short tons) per year being produced during the early 1990s. However, although a significant increase of mutant frequency without metabolic activation is claimed (3-fold of control mutant frequency), the criteria used as basis for this evaluation and the underlying statistics were not provided. Application Thionyl chloride may be used in the following processes: • To facilitate the synthesis of indenones from 3-hydroxyindanones via dehydroxylation. A typical representative organic reaction displaying this mechanism is the chlorination of alcohols with thionyl chloride, or the decomposition of alkyl chloroformates, the main feature is retention of stereochemical configuration. Inorganic sulfate also occurs endogenously and plays important roles in physiology.

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