Let us tell you that just below the earth's surface where earthquakes start is called hypocenter and just directly above the surface of the earth is called epicentre?Size of an earthquake may differ and sometimes it is said that weak earthquakes are not felt also but the violent one may cause destruction and may destroy whole cities. It is estimated that the energy about 80% is released in the earthquakes that come from those whose epicentres are in this belt.Let us tell you that when the friction overcomes by mechanical stresses, the rocks slip and releases vast amounts of energy and is known as an earthquake. By continuing to use our website, you agree to our Several buildings collapsed, schools, hospitals, a whole city may be destroyed due to it. The 2008 earthquake in Sichuan, China, for instance, caused tens of thousands of deaths and hundreds thousands of people were injured. The area subject to disruption by surface faulting varies with the length and width of the rupture zone.Taken from: Hays, W.W., ed., 1981, Facing Geologic and Hydrologic Hazards --Earth Science Considerations: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1240B, 108 p.Liquefaction is restricted to certain geologic and hydrologic environments, mainly areas where sands and silts were deposited in the last 10,000 years and where ground water is within 30 feet of the surface.

It is measured on Richter’s scale.The vibrations caused by an earthquake are detected by a seismometer and on a seismograph, it plots these vibrations.

Many of the largest and most damaging flow failures have taken place underwater in coastal areas. The effects from earthquakes include ground shaking, surface faulting, ground failure, and less commonly, tsunamis.Ground shaking is a term used to describe the vibration of the ground during an earthquake. For example, during the 1964 Prince William Sound, Alaska, earthquake, more than 200 bridges were damaged or destroyed by lateral spreading of flood-plain deposits toward river channels. A case study of an earthquake in a HIC.. What caused the Christchurch earthquake? Richter scale also measured the strength or magnitude of an earthquake. How they occur repeatedly? P waves propagate through the Earth with a speed of about 15,000 miles per hour and are the first waves to cause vibration of a building. It all depends upon the frequency, type and size of the earthquake experienced over a period of time. In Rift valley, Africa such types of faults are seen known as Andreas fault in San Francisco.Mainly, there are four types of earthquakes namely tectonic, volcanic, collapse and explosion.We all know that the effects of an earthquake are terrible and devastating. Rock avalanches originate on over-steepened slopes in weak rocks. Earthquakes have short term impacts as well as long term impacts. During that event, several four-story buildings of the Kwangishicho apartment complex tipped as much as 60 degrees. Nevertheless, the damage to structures located in the fault zone can be very high, especially where the land use is intensive. It not only affects the health of the people but emotionally also make weak.Some environmental effects occur due to the earthquake are surface faulting, tectonic uplift and subsidence, tsunamis, soil liquefaction, ground resonance, landslides, etc. Surface faulting, in the case of a strike-slip fault, generally affects a long narrow zone whose total area is small compared with the total area affected by ground shaking. Circum-Pacific Belt is the most important earthquakes belt which affects several populated coastal regions around the Pacific Ocean like New Zealand, New Guinea, and Japan, etc. The most abundant types of earthquake induced landslides are rock falls and slides of rock fragments that form on steep slopes. The lengths of the surface fault ruptures on land have ranged from less than 1 mile to more than 200 miles. The largest faults are formed on the surface of the Earth due to boundaries between moving plates. Reactivation of dormant slumps or block slides by earthquakes is rare.Large earthquake-induced rock avalanches, soil avalanches, and underwater landslides can be very destructive. These failures commonly move several tens of feet and, if geometric conditions permit, several tens of miles. Or we can say that when tectonic plates ride over the other and cause the collision of orogeny or mountain building. The primary effects of earthquakes are ground shaking, ground rupture, landslides, tsunamis, and liquefaction. Fires are probably the single most important secondary effect of earthquakes. Flow failures usually form in loose saturated sands or silts on slopes greater than 3 degrees.Flow failures can originate either underwater or on land. Soil avalanches occur in some weakly cemented fine-grained materials, such as loess, that form steep stable slopes under non-seismic conditions. Most fault displacement is confined to a narrow zone ranging from 6 to 1,000 feet in width, but separate subsidiary fault ruptures may occur 2 to 3 miles from the main fault.

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